The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS, made up of the brain and spinal cord, acts as the control center, while the PNS connects it to the rest of the body (Cleveland Clinic, 2022). Unlike the CNS, the PNS is not protected by bone or the blood-brain barrier, making it more vulnerable to injury (Wikipedia, 2023).

The PNS transmits sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands to muscles, allowing us to perceive sensations and perform voluntary actions. It also regulates involuntary functions such as breathing, digestion, and heart rate through its autonomic branch (Cleveland Clinic, 2022; PX Docs, n.d.-a). Structurally, the PNS includes the somatic nervous system (voluntary movement and sensory feedback) and the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary processes. The autonomic system is further divided into the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric branches, helping the body adapt to change (Wikipedia, 2023).

At the cellular level, Schwann cells support the PNS by producing myelin, which insulates nerve fibers and speeds signal transmission. This process is especially important in childhood, supporting developmental milestones such as walking and speech (Wikipedia, 2023; PX Docs, n.d.-a).

Chiropractic care has been explored as a way to support nervous system function. Gentle adjustments aim to reduce interference in spinal alignment and may help with sleep, coordination, and adaptability in children (Paragon, n.d.). However, safety and evidence for chiropractic interventions in infants remain debated (Herald Sun, 2019).

In summary, the PNS is vital for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and body. It regulates movement, sensation, and essential bodily functions, making it key to development, health, and resilience throughout life.